Body fat linear

In contrast, a negative association between visceral fat mass and BMD was observed except in diabetic patients. Furthermore, Log LM/VFA showed a clear and significant correlation with BMD when investigated as an independent exposure variable.Table 3 The subgroup analysis of the associations between lean body mass, visceral fat mass and lean body mass to visceral fat ratio with bone mineral density in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2011–2018Full size tableSmoothing curve fitting and analysis of threshold and saturation effectsThe smoothing curve fitting analysis showed a weak positive non-linear trend between total lean mass and BMD (Fig. 2a). In contrast, visceral fat mass displayed a weaker non-linear negative trend with BMD (Fig. 2b). Remarkably, the independent exposure variable analysis of Log LM/VFM demonstrated a significant positive non-linear trend with BMD (Fig. 2c), which reached an inflection point of 2.60 (Table 4). When the Log LM/VFM was Fig. 2Adjusted dose-response relationships between lean body mass (A), visceral fat mass (B), and lean body mass to visceral fat ratio (C) with bone mineral density in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2011–2018. Adjusted for gender, age, marital status, race, education, PIR, BMI, activity, MET scores, smoking, alcohol, hypertension, diabetes, thyroid disease, serum vitamin D, total cholesterol, alanine aminotransferase, total calcium, serum uric acid, vitamin D intake, vitamin D supplements, calcium intake, and calcium supplementsFull size imageTable 4 Threshold effect analysis of lean body mass to visceral fat mass ratio with bone mineral density using piece-wise linear regression in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2011–2018Full size tableDiscussionIn a large-scale population study based on the NHANES database, we found a positive correlation between lean body mass and BMD, while visceral fat mass was negatively correlated. We used Log LM/VFM as an alternative estimate to understand the combined effect on BMD.

A scale doesn't tell the whole story of your body composition. Figuring out your body fat percentage is incredibly helpful, but is something that can only be done accurately using a tool like an air displacement plethysmograph (Bod Pod). An alternative is using an online body fat calculator, which won't yield incredibly accurate results, but will give you a measurement by which to track your progress. How to Use Online Body Fat Calculators A body fat calculator is not the same as a BMI calculator. Any body fat calculator striving to offer the most accurate results possible will request not only your weight, but also some body measurements. This is because body weight consists of both fat and muscle, so weight alone isn't an accurate way to estimate body fat. Try one of the following body fat calculators available online to get a starting point measurement to track your progress. Body Tracker Linear Software's Body Tracker can be used with either a fat caliper or a tape measure along with your weight and age. A fat caliper instrument can help give you more accurate results than a tape measure will, but if you use this method, get help from a fitness professional adept at using this tool. It can be tricky to use a caliper instrument properly on your own, especially in hard to reach places. Active Body Fat Calculator The Active body fat calculator requires your weight and various measurements. The results are gender-specific since women and men generally have different body shapes naturally. Results are then compared to a generalized graph which assigns categories (such as acceptable and obese) based on the calculator results. This calculator offers a good estimate which can be used as a basis of measurement to track your progress. Health Status Calculator The body fat calculator from Health Status uses the U.S. Navy method of body fat measurement - basically, the method used to measure body fat on sailors using a tape measure. After taking your measurements and entering your gender, weight, and height, the calculator will return an estimate of your body fat

Et al. [41] analyzed 2507 individuals based on Mendelian randomization in the Korean Genome Epidemiology Study showed that BMD increased with lean body mass in both men and women. In contrast, a positive association of fat mass with BMD was observed only in men and premenopausal women. Unlike the former study, Jain et al. [42] studied the American population using NHANES data, and they found a negative correlation between fat mass and BMD. In contrast, lean body mass was positively correlated with BMD. In general, existing research lacks a holistic perspective on the joint effects of lean body mass and adipose tissue. In addition, previous studies have used those metrics without considering the role of different adipose tissues in the body, particularly visceral adipose tissue. Therefore, we used the new metric of lean body mass to visceral fat mass ratio to more accurately correlate the ratio of the two compositions with BMD.Independently, lean mass positively correlated with BMD, whereas visceral fat mass was inversely related. However, a non-linear pattern with a threshold was recognized when LogLM/VFM was used. Log LM/VFM showed a significant positive association with BMD when it had values of less than 2.60. This association implies that maintaining optimal BMD values necessitates elevated lean mass or lower amounts of visceral fat mass. However, maintaining a balanced ratio of lean to visceral fat mass is critical, and exceeding the threshold of 2.60 will not improve BMD levels further. Overall, this research stresses the intricacy of the relationships between muscle, fat deposits, and BMD, emphasizing the need to maintain a balanced and healthy lifestyle to maintain optimal bone health.The study has a few limitations that must be acknowledged. Firstly, it is a cross-sectional study, which restricts the ability to make conclusive causal inferences. Thus, further population cohort studies are needed

Research Open access Published: 06 October 2023 Archives of Public Health volume 81, Article number: 180 (2023) Cite this article 2207 Accesses 8 Citations 2 Altmetric Metrics details AbstractBackgroundStudies have explored the correlation between body composition and bone mineral density (BMD), but there has yet to be a consensus. Thus, the present study aims to comprehensively investigate the association between lean body mass, adipose tissue, and BMD.MethodsWe conducted a cross-sectional study using data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) (2011–2018) with 11,227 subjects. Multiple linear regression, smoothed curve fitting, threshold, and saturation effect analysis were used to explore the association between lean body mass, visceral fat mass, and BMD. Also, we used the lean body mass to visceral fat mass ratio (Log LM/VFM) as a proxy variable to analyze its association with BMD alone.ResultsAfter adjusting for potential confounding factors, the results showed a positive correlation between lean mass and total BMD (for continuous: β = 0.078, P ConclusionMaintaining a proper ratio of lean body mass and visceral fat mass is beneficial for increasing BMD. Peer Review reports Text box 1. Contributions to the literatureOsteoporosis dramatically threatens the health status of the middle-aged and elderly population, with more than 9 million worldwide suffering from osteoporotic fractures yearly.Bone mineral density (BMD) is an essential indicator for evaluating osteoporosis. Studies have shown that obesity is strongly associated with BMD, but conflicting results have emerged among existing studies.Lean body mass to visceral fat mass ratio was positively and nonlinearly correlated with BMD, and there was a threshold effect.There is an urgent need for appropriate public health policies to guide people to maintain an appropriate muscle-fat ratio to improve BMD.IntroductionOsteoporosis poses a significant threat to population health and results in a considerable socioeconomic burden. In the United States, the prevalence of osteoporosis

Transaminase, total lean mass, serum uric acid, and LogLM/VFM, with lower visceral fat mass, serum vitamin D, blood cholesterol levels and calcium supplements.Table 1 Characteristics of the study population by bone mineral density quartiles in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2011–2018Full size tableAssociation of lean body mass and visceral fat mass with BMDThe findings from the regression analysis are presented in Table 2. The results indicate that after adjusting for covariates, lean body mass exhibited a positive association with BMD, both in its continuous form (β = 0.078; 95% CI: 0.074, 0.082) and when converted to a categorical variable. Specifically, the highest quartile of total lean mass was related to higher BMD values (β = 0.138; 95% CI: 0.129, 0.148). In contrast, visceral fat mass demonstrated a negative association with BMD when analyzed as a continuous variable (β = -0.027; 95% CI: -0.030, -0.024) and when considered as the highest quartile of a categorical variable (β = -0.065; 95% CI: -0.072, -0.057).Table 2 Multiple linear regression analysis for the relationship between lean body mass, visceral fat mass and lean body mass to visceral fat ratio with bone mineral density in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2011–2018Full size tableThe analysis of LogLM/VFM as the sole exposure variable revealed a significant positive association with BMD, both in terms of a continuous variable (β = 0.034; 95% CI: 0.032, 0.037) and a categorical variable. A favorable relationship was noted for the highest quartile (β = 0.084; 95% CI: 0.076, 0.091). The P for trend values for all variables of model 2 showed statistical differences.Subgroup analysisThe results of the subgroup analyses based on gender, age, BMI, hypertension, and diabetes are displayed in Table 3. The analyses demonstrated a consistent positive correlation between total lean mass and BMD in all subgroups.