Bignumber calculator
Author: s | 2025-04-24
Big Number Calculator in Kotlin Tornadofx. Contribute to Amir-devs/BigNumber-Calculator development by creating an account on GitHub. BigNumber library for the Arduino. Contribute to nickgammon/BigNumber development by creating an account on GitHub.
nickgammon/BigNumber: BigNumber library for the
Library that will provide a higher level of abstraction. Meet ethers.js, a robust, popular, production-ready web3 library with millions of monthly downloads that will help you achieve your production requirements. Let's see how easy it is to get started.First, you will have to install it into your projectEthers library exposes the core module as a named export.import { ethers } from "ethers";As we said, ethers provide an abstraction layer to common functionalities. To initialize it, you have to pass the Injected Provider, and you are ready to use it!const injectedProvider = await getTrustWalletInjectedProvider();const ethersProvider = new ethers.providers.Web3Provider(injectedProvider);You can learn more about ethers from their official documentation.Retrieving the account balanceTo retrieve the account balance, you can call getBalance. The method accepts the public address in string format and returns a promise which will resolve into a BigNumber object.const account = "0x...";const accountBalance = await ethersProvider.getBalance(account);You probably want to further process the return value into a primitive type like string or number. The BigNumber library offers many convenient methods like toString or toNumber .Calling a non-payable smart contract functionTo interact with a smart contract, you will need the following two things:Most networks offer a blockchain explorer: Ethereumet has Etherscan, BSC has BscScan, and Polygon has polygonscan. DApp developers can verify their smart contracts and make their source code publicly available. Take, for instance, the TWT token on BSC network. We can search the token name and get all the information relating to that address, like its deployed address, the total transaction activity, Const txGasUseage = await getGasUsage(tx.hash); const totalFee = ethers.utils.formatEther( ethers.BigNumber.from(txGasUseage).mul(tx.gasPrice).toString() ); minerTips.push(Number(totalFee)); }Above, we use the transaction hash to return the gas usage for each transaction. Then we convert our gasUsage variable using bignumber so that we can multiply it by the gasPrice and format the result into an Ether value as it is currently in wei. Finally, we push the total fee value to an array which we can sum to get the total for all transaction fees in our block:JSXif (transactions.length > 0) { sumMinerTips = minerTips.reduce( (prevTip, currentTip) => prevTip + currentTip ); }As long as there is at least one transaction, we will add the items in the minerTips array and set the total equal to sumMinerTips. Otherwise, sumMinerTips will stay equal to zero.Sum the burned fees in a blockNext, we’ll need to get the sum of burned fees in our block so that we can subtract it from the total reward. To do this, we need to multiply the total gasUsed by the baseFeePerGas:JSXconst burnedFee = ethers.utils.formatEther( ethers.BigNumber.from(gasUsed).mul(baseFeePerGas).toString() );Again, we use bignumber to multiply the wei values and format the result in Ether.Uncle and nephew rewardsnephew rewardsLet’s start with the nephew reward. Because the nephew reward is 1/32 of the block reward, the reward should be fixed to 0.0625ETH/uncle block. To calculate this add the following lines of code:JSXconst baseBlockReward = 2;const nephewReward = baseBlockReward / 32;const uncleCount = block.uncles.length;const totalNephewReward = uncleCount * nephewReward;Uncle rewardsIn order to calculate the uncle rewards, we’ll need to iterate over each of the block hashes found in the block.uncles property of our block variable. Then, we’ll pass each hash to our getUncle function to extract both the uncle block number and miner. Finally, we’ll push the block number and miner to an uncle rewards array:JSXlet uncleRewardsArr = []; for (const hash of block.uncles) { const uncle = await getUncle(hash) const uncleNum = parseInt(uncle.number) const uncleMiner = uncle.miner const uncleReward = (uncleNum + 8 - blockNumber) * baseBlockReward / 8; uncleRewardsArr.push({ reward: `${uncleReward}ETH`, miner: uncleMiner }) }Final miner reward calculationNow that we have the sum of transaction fees and sum of burned fees let’s calculate the miner reward in a scenario where there is no uncle block included:JSXconst blockReward = baseBlockReward + (sumMinerTips - Number(burnedFee));This will give us the basic block reward, however let’s also account for nephew and uncle rewards by adding the totalNephewReward when the given block contains at least one uncle hash:JSXif (uncleCount > 0) { console.log("Block reward:", blockReward + totalNephewReward + "ETH"); console.log("miner:", block.miner); console.log("Uncle rewards:"); console.log(uncleRewardsArr); } else { console.log("Block reward:", blockReward + "ETH"); console.log("miner:", block.miner); }Above we are printing the total block reward plus the total nephew reward when the block contains uncles.nickgammon/BigNumber: BigNumber library for the Arduino - GitHub
SetBalance(""); const decimals = await contract.decimals(); const rawBalance = await contract.balanceOf(selectedAccount); const accountBalance = ethers.utils.formatUnits(rawBalance, decimals); setBalance(accountBalance); }; if (initializing) { return Waiting for provider...; } if (initializationError) { return {initializationError}; } if (connected) { return ( Get Balance {balance && Account balance: {balance} TWT} ); } return ( {error} Connect );};export default App;Calling a payable smart contract functionPayable functions require you to pay a certain amount in native currency to execute it. For instance, when you buy an NFT on OpenSea you must pay a certain amount of native tokens to complete the transaction (value of the NFT + network fees).For this example, we will assume a smart contract that offers a buy payable function. This smart contract will allow you to buy NFTs from a predefined list for 0.3 Ethers each. To successfully call buy, you will need to reference the NFT id.Calling a payable function with ethers is more or less the same as we would do with any non-payable function. The only difference is that we have to pass an object as last argument that defines a property value. We can use ethers.utils.parseEthers to convert the string representation to BigNumber instance.await contract.buy(NFT_ID, { value: ethers.utils.parseEther("0.3"),});Executing this statement will create a confirmation prompt in user's wallet extension to approve (or reject) the transaction.Using Third-party providersApart from initializing ethers using the Injected Provider, you can also use HTTP providers, like Alchemy or Infura. What is great with that approach is having a dedicated endpoint for yourself, which offers. Big Number Calculator in Kotlin Tornadofx. Contribute to Amir-devs/BigNumber-Calculator development by creating an account on GitHub.BigNumber library - Programming - Arduino Forum
GetGasUsage = async hash => { const txRes = await axios.post( ALCHEMY_API_URL, { jsonrpc: "2.0", method: "eth_getTransactionReceipt", params: [`${hash}`], id: 0, } ); return txRes.data.result.gasUsed; }; const getUncle = async hash => { const uncleRes = await axios.post( ALCHEMY_API_URL, { jsonrpc: "2.0", method: "eth_getBlockByHash", params: [`${hash}`, false], id: 0, } ); return uncleRes.data.result; };};Nice! That should be all we need in terms of making requests to Ethereum. In the next section let’s calculate a miner reward using the data from the functions we just created.Now that we have functions to call all the necessary Alchemy methods, let’s construct the miner reward formula by calculating the sum of all transactions in a block, the sum of burned fees, and the nephew block rewards. Before we jump into it, let’s create a try-catch statement and define a few key variables.At the very bottom of the getBlockReward function, add the following:try { console.log("fetching block rewards...") const block = await getBlock(blockNum); const blockNumber = parseInt(block.number) const transactions = block.transactions; const baseFeePerGas = block.baseFeePerGas; const gasUsed = block.gasUsed; } catch (error) { console.log(error); }Above, we call our getBlock function and store the response in the block variable. From the response, we can extract the block number, transaction array, transaction base fee, and the sum of gas used within the entire block.First, let’s start with getting the sum of transaction fees for the given block. In order to do this, we can iterate over the transactions in the transaction array to get the gas price. We will also need the amount of gas units to calculate the total fee. To get the amount of gas used for each transaction, we can call our getGasUsage function and pass each transaction hash to the function. Finally, we can multiply the transaction gas usage by the gas price to get the total fee.Since we later want to sum these transaction fees, let’s also move them to an array.Ensure you’re still inside the try-catch. Then, create an empty minerTips array and set a sum variable to zero:let minerTips = [];let sumMinerTips = 0;Next, let’s use a for loop to iterate over the transactions in our block and calculate the total fee:for (const tx of transactions) { const txGasUseage = await getGasUsage(tx.hash); const totalFee = ethers.utils.formatEther( ethers.BigNumber.from(txGasUseage).mul(tx.gasPrice).toString() ); minerTips.push(Number(totalFee)); }Above, we use the transaction hash to return the gas usage for each transaction. Then we convert our gasUsage variable using bignumber so that we can multiply it by the gasPrice and format the result into an Ether value as it is currently in wei. Finally, we push the total fee value to an array which we can sum to get the total for all transaction fees in our block:if (transactions.length > 0) { sumMinerTips = minerTips.reduce( (prevTip, currentTip) => prevTip + currentTip ); }As long as there is at least one transaction, we will add the items in the minerTips array and set the total equal to sumMinerTips. Otherwise, sumMinerTips will stay equal to zero.Next, we’ll need to get the sum of burned fees in our block so that we can subtract it from the total reward. To do this, we need to multiply the total gasUsed by the baseFeePerGas:const burnedFee = ethers.utils.formatEther( ethers.BigNumber.from(gasUsed).mul(baseFeePerGas).toString() );Again, we use bignumber to multiply the wei values and format the result in Ether.Let’s start with the nephew reward. Because the nephew reward is 1/32 of the block reward, the reward should be fixed to 0.0625ETH/uncle block. To calculate this add the following lines of code:const baseBlockReward = 2;const nephewReward = baseBlockReward / 32;const uncleCount = block.uncles.length;const totalNephewReward = uncleCount * nephewReward;In order to calculate the uncle rewards, we’ll need to iterate over each of the block hashes found in the block.uncles property of our block variable. Then, we’ll pass each hash to our getUncle function to extract both the uncle block number and miner. Finally, we’ll push the block number and miner to an uncle rewards array:let uncleRewardsArr = []; for (const hash of block.uncles) { const uncle = await getUncle(hash) const uncleNum = parseInt(uncle.number) const uncleMiner = uncle.miner const uncleReward = (uncleNum + 8 - blockNumber) * baseBlockReward / 8; uncleRewardsArr.push({ reward: `${uncleReward}ETH`, miner: uncleMiner }) }Now that we have the sum of transaction fees and sum of burned fees let’s calculate the miner reward in a scenario where there is no uncle block included:const blockReward = baseBlockReward + (sumMinerTips - Number(burnedFee));This will give us the basic block reward, however let’s also account for nephew and uncle rewards by adding the totalNephewReward when the given block contains at least one uncle hash:if (uncleCount > 0) { console.log("Block reward:", blockReward + totalNephewReward + "ETH"); console.log("miner:", block.miner); console.log("Uncle rewards:"); console.log(uncleRewardsArr); } else { console.log("Block reward:", blockReward + "ETH"); console.log("miner:", block.miner); }Above we are printing the total block reward plus the total nephew reward when the block contains uncles. Otherwise, we simply print the block block reward and miner.Your entire getBlockReward.js file should appear as follows:const { default: axios } = require("axios");const { ethers } = require("ethers");require("dotenv").config();const ALCHEMY_API_URL = process.env.MAINNET_API_URL;const getBlockReward = async blockNum => { const getBlock = async num => { const blockNumHex = ethers.utils.hexlify(num); const blockRes = await axios.post(ALCHEMY_API_URL, { jsonrpc: "2.0", method: "eth_getBlockByNumber", params: [blockNumHex, true], id: 0, }); return blockRes.data.result; }; const getGasUsage = async hash => { const txRes = await axios.post(ALCHEMY_API_URL, { jsonrpc: "2.0", method: "eth_getTransactionReceipt", params: [`${hash}`], id: 0, }); return txRes.data.result.gasUsed; }; const getUncle = async hash =>GitHub - Ashlzw/bignumber_calculator: bignumber template that
Other. Even more than they have to be, I would say. The thing is, they are most likely the result of copy-paste. In the line with ff->bottom.vindex, where the ff->bottom.isceiling data member should act as an index for sec.iboindex, the developers simply forgot to change top to bottom. Fragment N15 Now it's time to meet the three Barons of Hell. Let's deal with the first one: void TParseContextBase::rValueErrorCheck(const TSourceLoc& loc, const char* op, TIntermTyped* node){ TIntermBinary* binaryNode = node->getAsBinaryNode(); const TIntermSymbol* symNode = node->getAsSymbolNode(); if (!node) return; ....} The analyzer warning: V595 The 'node' pointer was utilized before it was verified against nullptr. Check lines: 231, 234. ParseContextBase.cpp 231 The developers here provided for the possibility of a null pointer (and even remembered to handle it!) but dereferenced it before checking. Bam! And there we have undefined behavior. Here are the remaining two Barons of Hell:V595 The 'linker' pointer was utilized before it was verified against nullptr. Check lines: 1550, 1552. ShaderLang.cpp 1550V595 The 'mo' pointer was utilized before it was verified against nullptr. Check lines: 6358, 6359. p_mobj.cpp 6358 Fragment N16 The boss of this chapter is the Spider Mastermind, let's take a look at it: PClassPointer::PClassPointer(PClass *restrict) : PPointer(restrict->VMType), ClassRestriction(restrict){ if (restrict) mDescriptiveName.Format("ClassPointer", restrict->TypeName.GetChars()); else mDescriptiveName = "ClassPointer"; loadOp = OP_LP; storeOp = OP_SP; Flags |= TYPE_ClassPointer; mVersion = restrict->VMType->mVersion;} The analyzer warning: V664 The 'restrict' pointer is being dereferenced on the initialization list before it is verified against null inside the body of the constructor function. Check lines: 1605, 1607. types.cpp 1605 This is a nice example where the constructor seems to contain a check for dereferencing a null pointer, but the issue is that the dereferencing itself happens earlier — in the member initializer list. Thy Flesh Consumed This is the final chapter. Doomguy is exhausted and bloodied, but the victory is just around the corner. Fragment N17 bool FScanner::GetFloat (bool evaluate){ .... if(sym && sym->tokenType == TK_IntConst && sym->tokenType != TK_FloatConst) { BigNumber = sym->Number; Number = (int)sym->Number; Float = sym->Float; // String will retain the actual symbol name. return true; } ....} The devs have done everything right here: they've made sure that there's no null pointer. They've also checked that the token type is TK_IntConst. And then... they check again that the token type is not TK_FloatConst. Caution is good, but everything should be done in moderation. In this case, the code just becomes bloated and less readable. The analyzer issued two warnings:The analyzer warning: V590 Consider inspecting this expression. The expression is excessive or contains a misprint. sc_man.cpp 829The analyzer warning: V560 A part of conditional expression is always true: sym->tokenType != TK_FloatConst. sc_man.cpp 829 I found another similar fragment in thedanielost/big-numbers: BigNumber implementation in Golang
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Library that will provide a higher level of abstraction. Meet ethers.js, a robust, popular, production-ready web3 library with millions of monthly downloads that will help you achieve your production requirements. Let's see how easy it is to get started.First, you will have to install it into your projectEthers library exposes the core module as a named export.import { ethers } from "ethers";As we said, ethers provide an abstraction layer to common functionalities. To initialize it, you have to pass the Injected Provider, and you are ready to use it!const injectedProvider = await getTrustWalletInjectedProvider();const ethersProvider = new ethers.providers.Web3Provider(injectedProvider);You can learn more about ethers from their official documentation.Retrieving the account balanceTo retrieve the account balance, you can call getBalance. The method accepts the public address in string format and returns a promise which will resolve into a BigNumber object.const account = "0x...";const accountBalance = await ethersProvider.getBalance(account);You probably want to further process the return value into a primitive type like string or number. The BigNumber library offers many convenient methods like toString or toNumber .Calling a non-payable smart contract functionTo interact with a smart contract, you will need the following two things:Most networks offer a blockchain explorer: Ethereumet has Etherscan, BSC has BscScan, and Polygon has polygonscan. DApp developers can verify their smart contracts and make their source code publicly available. Take, for instance, the TWT token on BSC network. We can search the token name and get all the information relating to that address, like its deployed address, the total transaction activity,
2025-03-31Const txGasUseage = await getGasUsage(tx.hash); const totalFee = ethers.utils.formatEther( ethers.BigNumber.from(txGasUseage).mul(tx.gasPrice).toString() ); minerTips.push(Number(totalFee)); }Above, we use the transaction hash to return the gas usage for each transaction. Then we convert our gasUsage variable using bignumber so that we can multiply it by the gasPrice and format the result into an Ether value as it is currently in wei. Finally, we push the total fee value to an array which we can sum to get the total for all transaction fees in our block:JSXif (transactions.length > 0) { sumMinerTips = minerTips.reduce( (prevTip, currentTip) => prevTip + currentTip ); }As long as there is at least one transaction, we will add the items in the minerTips array and set the total equal to sumMinerTips. Otherwise, sumMinerTips will stay equal to zero.Sum the burned fees in a blockNext, we’ll need to get the sum of burned fees in our block so that we can subtract it from the total reward. To do this, we need to multiply the total gasUsed by the baseFeePerGas:JSXconst burnedFee = ethers.utils.formatEther( ethers.BigNumber.from(gasUsed).mul(baseFeePerGas).toString() );Again, we use bignumber to multiply the wei values and format the result in Ether.Uncle and nephew rewardsnephew rewardsLet’s start with the nephew reward. Because the nephew reward is 1/32 of the block reward, the reward should be fixed to 0.0625ETH/uncle block. To calculate this add the following lines of code:JSXconst baseBlockReward = 2;const nephewReward = baseBlockReward / 32;const uncleCount = block.uncles.length;const totalNephewReward = uncleCount * nephewReward;Uncle rewardsIn order to calculate the uncle rewards, we’ll need to iterate over each of the block hashes found in the block.uncles property of our block variable. Then, we’ll pass each hash to our getUncle function to extract both the uncle block number and miner. Finally, we’ll push the block number and miner to an uncle rewards array:JSXlet uncleRewardsArr = []; for (const hash of block.uncles) { const uncle = await getUncle(hash) const uncleNum = parseInt(uncle.number) const uncleMiner = uncle.miner const uncleReward = (uncleNum + 8 - blockNumber) * baseBlockReward / 8; uncleRewardsArr.push({ reward: `${uncleReward}ETH`, miner: uncleMiner }) }Final miner reward calculationNow that we have the sum of transaction fees and sum of burned fees let’s calculate the miner reward in a scenario where there is no uncle block included:JSXconst blockReward = baseBlockReward + (sumMinerTips - Number(burnedFee));This will give us the basic block reward, however let’s also account for nephew and uncle rewards by adding the totalNephewReward when the given block contains at least one uncle hash:JSXif (uncleCount > 0) { console.log("Block reward:", blockReward + totalNephewReward + "ETH"); console.log("miner:", block.miner); console.log("Uncle rewards:"); console.log(uncleRewardsArr); } else { console.log("Block reward:", blockReward + "ETH"); console.log("miner:", block.miner); }Above we are printing the total block reward plus the total nephew reward when the block contains uncles.
2025-04-18SetBalance(""); const decimals = await contract.decimals(); const rawBalance = await contract.balanceOf(selectedAccount); const accountBalance = ethers.utils.formatUnits(rawBalance, decimals); setBalance(accountBalance); }; if (initializing) { return Waiting for provider...; } if (initializationError) { return {initializationError}; } if (connected) { return ( Get Balance {balance && Account balance: {balance} TWT} ); } return ( {error} Connect );};export default App;Calling a payable smart contract functionPayable functions require you to pay a certain amount in native currency to execute it. For instance, when you buy an NFT on OpenSea you must pay a certain amount of native tokens to complete the transaction (value of the NFT + network fees).For this example, we will assume a smart contract that offers a buy payable function. This smart contract will allow you to buy NFTs from a predefined list for 0.3 Ethers each. To successfully call buy, you will need to reference the NFT id.Calling a payable function with ethers is more or less the same as we would do with any non-payable function. The only difference is that we have to pass an object as last argument that defines a property value. We can use ethers.utils.parseEthers to convert the string representation to BigNumber instance.await contract.buy(NFT_ID, { value: ethers.utils.parseEther("0.3"),});Executing this statement will create a confirmation prompt in user's wallet extension to approve (or reject) the transaction.Using Third-party providersApart from initializing ethers using the Injected Provider, you can also use HTTP providers, like Alchemy or Infura. What is great with that approach is having a dedicated endpoint for yourself, which offers
2025-03-27